Aula 3 - PREP 2018 - Pronomes e Casos Possessivos

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Prof. Leandro

Livro I – Essential Grammar in Use: Units 39; 59 – 63; 74. Livro II – Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa: Unidades 3, 9, 10 e 27.

Livro I – Essential Grammar in Use: Unit 64 Livro II – Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa: Unidade 4

1. Pronomes dos casos reto e oblíquo; 2. Pronomes e adjetivos possessivos; 3. Pronomes Reflexivos; 4. Pronomes Demonstrativos; 5. Pronomes Interrogativos.

1. Pronomes Pessoais do Caso Reto e Oblíquo

Fonte: MURPHY, Raymond. Essential English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University. 3rd Ed, 2007.

2. Pronomes e Adjetivos Possessivos Adjetivos Possessivos:

Fonte: MURPHY, Raymond. Essential English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University. 3rd Ed, 2007.

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Pronomes Possessivos:

Fonte: MURPHY, Raymond. Essential English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University. 3rd Ed, 2007.

Ex: 1) A friend of mine is getting married on Saturday. 2) Michael had an argument with a neighbor of his.

3. Pronomes Reflexivos Pronomes Reflexivos

Fonte: MURPHY, Raymond. Essential English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University. 3rd Ed, 2007.

Não usamos “self/ selves” depois dos verbos: Feel / relax / concentrate / meet / wash / shave / dress 1) I feel nervous. I can’t relax.

3) What time shall we meet?

2) You must try and concentrate.

4) He quickly shaved and then went to work.

4. Pronomes Demonstrativos

Fonte: MURPHY, Raymond. Essential English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University. 3rd Ed, 2007.

5. Pronomes Interrogativos (“Question Words”) Pronoun

Explanation

What Which Where Whose Who When How

Specific thing, people object Alternatives Position, places Possession People, person Time, moment Way, manner

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01. (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “...shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe...”, the word they refers to [A] fans.

[B] shopping centers.

[C] rolezeiros.

[D] kids.

[E] neighbourhoods.

02. (CN 2017 - Adaptada) Read the following fragment: “Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers.” What does the object pronoun them refer to? (A) Schools and hospitals. (B) People in general.

(C) Hospital volunteers. (D) Young people.

(E) College students.

03. (AFA 2009) Read the sentences below and answer the following question. I – “As most of ____ are going to bed, a lot of workers are just going to their jobs.” II – “Night workers often have trouble sleeping through the day, and sometimes find _____ harder to stay awake.” Mark the correct pronouns to fill in the blanks above. a) us / it b) them / they

c) you / him d) me / ours

04. (EEAr 2015) Choose the alternative that best completes the dialogue below. Mary: Whose pencil is that? Is it yours, Paul? Paul: No, it’s not ____. I saw Susan using it. I think it’s ____. a) mine – him

b) mine – hers

c) my – hers

d) my - her

05. (EsNAv 2016) Which is the correct way to complete the excerpt below? The Legacy of Hartlepool "He thought that if he had the courage to visit the Long Gallery, the portraits of _____ ancestors would come to life in ______ frames. _______ would point ______ fingers and say: ' We did _____ duty. We spent the money as ____ was meant to be spent [...] . " (TORDAY, Paul. The Legacy of Hartlepool Hall. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2012 . )

(A) him/its/We/ours/ours/he (B) him/theirs/They/their/ours/it

(C) her/their/We/ours/our/he (D) his/their/They/their/our/it

(E) his/its/They/theirs/our/it

06. (FAAP-SP) “Mr Dean’s secretary was ill yesterday, so he had to type the letters _______.” a) yourself

b) themselves

c) himself

d) herself

e) itself

07. (AFA 2009) “The Kremlin hoping a young strong man can preserve its brutal victory in Chechnya.” (Newsweek, September, 2006) Read the paragraph above, then mark the alternative that completes the blanks of the statement below. The word “its” is a (an) ______ pronoun and refers to ______.

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a) personal / young strong man b) reflexive / Chechnya

c) possessive adjective / The Kremlin hoping d) objective / victory

08. (EsNAv 2015) In the excerpt "But if libraries are going to survive the digital age, they need to be more about helping patrons filter vast quantities of digital Information rather than access to analog materials." the pronoun "they" refers to (A) libraries.

(B) the digital age.

(C) patrons.

(D) quantities of digital Information.

(E) analog materials.

09. (INÉDITA) I – “I have a car. _______ car is black.” II – “Every student should keep _______ dictionary nearby.” III – “These trees are dropping _______ leaves.” IV – “This dog is wagging _______ tail.” V – “Can I borrow your computer this weekend?” “No, because _______ has broken down.” a) My – his – their – its – mine b) Your – him – theirs – its – mine

c) Mine – his – their – it – yours d) Mine – hers – theirs – it – his

e) My – his – theirs – it – mine

10. (EsPCEx 2011) In the sentence “An air of calm and relief swept through the neighborhood, as residents opened their windows and began walking the streets”, the possessive adjective their refers to [A] an air of calm and relief.

[B] neighborhood.

[C] residents.

[D] streets.

[E] calm and relief.

11. (EsPCEx 2013 - Adaptada) In the sentence “Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police, insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an impact.” The words they and their respectively refer to [A] the crowd and families. [B] the crowd and the police. [C] the police and families.

[D] the families and the properties. [E] the police and the properties.

12. (INÉDITA) Marque a alternativa que melhor completa as lacunas abaixo. I. The house belongs to me - it's _______ house. II. What is the name of that man?_______ name is Tim. III. If the house belongs to them, it is _______ house. IV. This bird has broken _______ wing. V. These are the pupils' bikes. They're _______. a) my – His – their – his – their b) mine – His – them – Its – theirs c) my – His – their – his – them

d) mine – He – their – her – theirs e) my – His – their – its – theirs

13. (EsPCEx 2011 - Adaptada) In the sentence “Two years after that, and Facebook has stolen users away from its rivals very fast. It’s completely knocked Hi5 off the map in former strongholds such as Peru, Mexico, and Thailand. After a tense back-and-forth with Orkut in India, Facebook has emerged victorious. And it’s becoming more popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands”, the pronoun it refers to [A] Orkut.

[B] India.

[C] Armenia.

[D] Hi5.

[E] Facebook.

14. (CN 2017 – Adaptada) In the exerpt: “The Vikings liked swords so much they often decorated them with gold and gave them names. Women cooked and made clothes, shoes, and jewelry for themselves, ______ children and husbands.”, which possessive form completes the gap in text III? (A) their

(B) her

(C) his

(D) hers

(E) theirs

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15. (VUNESP) Assinale a alternativa que complete corretamente a lacuna da sentença abaixo. “Mirela is outside, waiting for you. If you don’t trust me, go out and see for _____.” a) themselves

b) yourself

c) himself

d) itself

e) herself

16. (EPCAr 2015 - Adaptada) In the sentence “Parents usually don’t know their child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just when the victim or the victim’s parents contact them”. The underlined pronoun refers to a) victims.

b) children.

c) parents.

d) cyberbullies.

17. (EPCAr 2015) In the sentence, “Many countries have organized campaigns to make adults and children informed of its dangers.”, the underlined expressions can be substituted for a) it – they.

b) they – it.

c) they – them.

d) them – they.

- Emprego do ‘s e da preposição “Of” quando em casos possessivos.

Emprego do ‘s Tradicionalmente empregamos o ‘s (“casos possessivos” ou “genitivos”) para seres animados, não devendo ser empregado para seres inanimados. Contudo existem diversas exceções, as quais serão apresentadas ao longo do aula.

a. NÃO EMPREGAMOS O ‘S COM SERES INANIMADOS:

b. EMPREGAMOS ‘S: Com seres animados:

People

Animals

Com termos expressando: • Tempo, • Medidas, • Lugares com nomes de pessoas, • Países, • Corpos celestes, a Terra, o mundo, • Nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company, team, government, etc.), • Pessoas jurídicas e similares.

• Expressões de Tempo: Na maioria das expressões de tempo é obrigatório o uso do caso possessivo:

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Fonte: TORRES, Nelson. Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa – O Inglês Descomplicado. Ed. Saraiva. 9ª Ed, 2001. São Paulo-SP.

• Nomes bíblicos ou históricos: Se terminados em “s” = apenas o apóstrofo (‘) ou subst + OF + subst. Ex: Jesus’ teachings / teachings of Jesus • Múltiplos possuidores 1) SE TEM COISA EM COMUM = O apóstrofo vai no ÚLTIMO substantivo!! Ex: Zé and Maria’s wedding party. 2) SE TEM COISAS DIFERENTES = O apóstrofo vai nos dois!! Ex: Zé’s bar and Maria’s house. • Duplo genitivo: Ex: A friend of Jane’s. (Possuído + OF + Possuidor)

18. (CEFET-PR) “The pronunciations and nuances of a student’s voice.” O ‘s é: a) abreviatura de is b) abreviatura de has

c) indicativo de plural d) caso possessivo

e) abreviatura de was

19. (INÉDITA) Choose the correct answer. Jane won’t come to visit us today; she had to go to her ________. a) aunt house

b) aunt’s

c) aunts house

d) of aunt’s house

e) “b” and “c” are correct

20. (FATEC-SP) Assinale a resposta correta. ______ father is in Europe. a) the Mary’s and George’s b) Mary’s and George

c) Mary and George’s d) Mary’s and George’s

e) The Mary and George’s

21. (ITA) Dadas as sentenças: 1) The princesses’ crowns disappeared. 2) I am going to the dentist’s now. 3) My house is a stone’s throw from here. Constatamos que o caso genitivo está correto em: a) apenas na sentença nº 1. d) apenas nas sentenças nº 1 e 3.

b) apenas na sentença nº 3. e) em todas as sentenças.

c) apenas na sentença nº 2.

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22. (INÉDITA) Choose the correct alternative: “There goes my friend Jackie!” “I thought that lady was a friend _______.” a) of the Henry’s

b) of Henry

c) of Henry’s

d) Henry’s

e) Henry

23. (CN 2017) Mark the INCORRECT option according to the Genitive Case. (A) The door’s car is open. (B) The world’s population is increasing.

(C) I’m going to Grandma’s. (D) Which are Fred's and Eric’s cars?

(E) This is my mother-in-law's house.

24. (INÉDITA) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna da oração: This film is more interesting than _______. a) last week’

b) last’ weeks

c) last week’s

d) last’s week

e) last’s week’s

25. (INÉDITA) O possessivo, usado como em “Woody Allen’s Sweet and Lowdown”, está correto em todas as alternativas abaixo, exceto em: a) There was a two hour’s delay at the airport in London. b) Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange is a milestone in modern literature. c) In our last holidays we had to cope with our young relative’s weird ideas. d) Elizabeth I’s interest on sea voyages brought development to England. e) Maggie and Milie’s eyebrowns are so thin you can hardly see them. 26. (EPCAr 2015) All the extracts below, in the text, present a possessive noun, except: a) “…the nation’s soccer federation…” b) “…under Brazil’s military dictatorship…”

c) “…a reflection of the investigation’s focus…” d) “…the United States Justice Department’s charging Mr. Marin…”

27. (EPCAr 2015) Choose the option that has the same meaning of “Parents usually don’t know their child is a cyberbully.”. a) Parents’ child usually don’t know he is a cyberbully. b) Parents child’s usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.

c) Child parents’ usually don’t know he is a cyberbully. d) Child’s parents usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.

Texto 1 – para as questões 01 a 03, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir. COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A ‘SUPERFLARE’ FROM THE SUN? Daniel Clery Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance — though small — that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun — the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields — astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares — 10 to 100 times bigger than normal — in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles.

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C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini. (CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 15/06/2016.)

01. (IME 2016) Choose the correct option. (A) Researches are disrupted since a solar flare will obliterate life. (B) Sun eruptions could wipe out all life on Earth. (C) The Aurora Borealis is as welcome as disruptions. (D) Power networks frequently benefit from solar flares. (E) Whenever Aurora Borealis can be seen, there will not be any power network. 02. (IME 2016) Choose the correct option. (A) An equipment from an Asian country broke and reconnected 100,000 magnetic fields. (B) 10,000 “strong” solar flares produced by other stars were detected. (C) 100,000 stars have stronger magnetic fields than the sun's. (D) The breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields surely produce superflares from stars different from the sun. (E) Bigger than normal flares may have reached our planet. 03. (IME 2016) Choose the correct option. (A) Since a flare may occur at any moment, it’s interesting to have some candles at home due to the power disruption it may cause. (B) Superflares are predictable once a millennium as well as an Earth-frying superflare, so it is essential to have our data saved. (C) Evidence in tree rings prove we will be able to see the Aurora Borealis twice in this millenium. (D) The percentage of Earth-frying flares was also detected by scientists. (E) 10% of superflaring stars produce 10 to 100 times stronger superflares.

TEXTO 2 – para as questões 04 e 05, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir. Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company. Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, 'De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company'. Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relayed by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the ‘father of radio’. In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.

04. (IME 2016) Choose the correct option. (A) Lee de Forest was taken to court and then transmitted the first Morse Code. (B) People could not profit since they had bought shares. (C) He was charged with fraud for having sold some specific shares. (D) The selling of shares made him buy a Radio Telephone Company. (E) He was forbidden to sell his own company’s stocks. 05. (IME 2016) Choose the correct option. (A) Even after the transmission of the Morse Code, the prosecutor did not believe in signal transmission. (B) De Forest was prosecuted for announcing something in the media which proved impossible to happen in a two years' time.

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(C) By the time it was proven de Forest was right, 14 years had gone from that day in court. (D) Over a decade after the Morse Code was transmitted, de Forest was arrested. (E) The prosecutor thought the public was led to accept impossible hypotheses.

ATIVIDADE 1: “Tradução-Resumo” 1) Leia atentamente os textos do item “INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS”, e realize um resumo breve do que você entendeu do texto. Busque apenas entender o contexto geral, sem tentar traduzir nada ainda. 2) Agora, tente efetivamente traduzir tudo, parágrafo por parágrafo. Não se preocupe com exatidão! O objetivo aqui é assimilação de vocabulários e a prática de alguns pontos gramaticais. 3) Compare o que você escreveu com a tradução apresentada. A correção fará com que você busque compreender o porquê de cada coisa, e as diferentes variações que cada vocábulo pode ter em diferentes contextos. 4) Não se puna se sua tradução for demasiadamente diversa da apresentada! O que buscamos aqui é aprender palavras novas e praticar gramática. Seu cérebro deu o seu máximo para produzir uma tradução, e ele o fará cada vez melhor com o tempo e com os treinos. ATIVIDADE 2: Exercícios das unidades indicadas na bibliografia para esta aula Complemente seu estudo lendo a bibliografia de referência e resolvendo os exercícios das unidades citadas, conforme o previsto abaixo: Unidade 1: PRONOMES

Unidade 2: CASOS POSSESSIVOS

Livro I – Essential English Grammar In Use: Unit 39: todos Unit 59 – 63: todos

Livro I – Essential English Grammar In Use: Unit 64: todos

Livro II – Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa: Unidades 3, 9, 10 e 27: todos

Livro II – Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa: Unidade 4: todos

ATIVIDADE 3: Listening Practice. 1. Áudios dos textos trabalhados: a. Baixe os áudios em mp3 dos textos desta aula, disponibilizados para você. b. Sempre que possível, faça os primeiros Listening Practices com os textos em mãos, de maneira a “ouvir e ver” as palavras apresentadas. Desta forma, seu cérebro será capaz de “escrevê-las” na sua memória, facilitando sua assimilação. c. Ouça os áudios sempre que quiser, buscando captar a pronúncia de cada termo, associando com o que foi visto em sala. 2. Extra Listening Practice.

a. Ouça o podcast “Internet Access” e leia seu Quiz Script clicando em:

a. Assista o vídeo “Halloween’s Scene 2” e leia seu Transcript, clicando em:

http://www.esl-lab.com/access/accessrd1.htm

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/wordstreet/halloween-scene-2

b. Agora, aumente seu nível de inglês praticando as atividades indicadas no podcast acima.

b. Agora, aumente seu nível de inglês praticando as atividades do vídeo acima, clicando no link:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/wordstreet/halloween-scene-2-language-focus

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01. B 02. D 03. A 04. B 05. D 06. C

UNIDADE 1 07. C 08. A 09. A 10. C 11. C 12. E

13. E 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. C

18. D 19. B 20. C 21. E 22. C 23. A

UNIDADE 2 24. C 25. E 26. D 27. D

INT. TEXTO 01. B 02. E 03. A 04. C 05. E

Texto 1 A TERRA PODERIA SER FRITADA POR UMA “SUPER LABAREDA” VINDA DO SOL? Labaredas solares no Sol frequentemente banham a Terra com partículas de alta energia causando a Aurora Boreal e, esporadicamente, perturbações menos bem-vindas para fortalecer emissoras e comunicações. Mas pesquisadores dizem que há uma chance – embora pequena – de que o Sol possa nos atingir com uma labareda solar milhares de vezes mais poderosa, potencialmente fritando nossa atmosfera e obliterando a vida. Outras estrelas ocasionalmente produzem “super labaredas” , algumas com mais de 10.000 vezes a força da maior labareda já detectada. Para ver se estas são geradas pelo mesmo processo que ocorre no Sol – a quebra e a reconexão de campos magnéticos – astrônomos estudaram a luz de 100.000 estrelas usando o telescópio chinês Guo Shouiing. De acordo com o relatado online pela Nature Communications, as super labaredas realmente parecem ser produzidas pelo mesmo processo, mas elas ocorrem em estrelas com campos magnéticos muito mais fortes que o do Sol. Ainda sim, os pesquisadores descobriram que cerca de 10% das estrelas com super labaredas tinham campos magnéticos similares ou mais fracos que o do Sol. Das evidências em anéis de árvores, dizem os pesquisadores, parece que a Terra sofreu pequenas superflares – 10 a 100 vezes maiores que o normal – em 775 a.C e 993 a.C. Nós podemos esperar mais, eles concluem, uma vez por milênio. (Quanto a uma labareda que frite a Terra, eles não dizem.) Então, guarde seus dados e faça estoque de velas. Texto 2 Doze anos depois que o primeiro sinal de Código Morse foi transmitido com sucesso através do Atlântico, um inventor americano chamado Lee de Forest surgiu em uma corte americana com uma fraude. O caso contra ele era de que ele estava vendendo ações em sua Companhia de radiotelefonia. Apresentando seu caso diante do júri, explicou o promotor, ‘De Forest disse em muitos jornais e ratificou que seria impossível transmitir a voz humana através do Atlântico antes de muitos anos. Baseados nestas declarações absurdas e deliberadamente enganosas, o público iludido foi persuadido a comprar ações em sua companhia. Dois anos mais tarde, o primeiro discurso transatlântico direto retransmitido por radiotelefonia foi feito. Quanto a Lee de Forest, ele patenteou mais de 300 invenções e tornou-se conhecido na América como o “pai do rádio”.

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